Industrial Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Process

Today we will learn about vendor compliance and sustainability terms to identify hazards and assess risks.

Agenda:

Terms & Definitions
HIRA Process
Hazard Identification
Risk Matrix & Risk Assessment
Operational Controls
Good Documentation Practices & Recommendations
Company Sustainability Development
Example HIRA & Discussion
Factory Assignment :

Risk Never Sleeps!

The Cost of Safety

The Importance of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

HIRA is the Basis (First Step) to SafeGuard Employees, Contractors, Visitors, Contract workers, People who share the workplace from Significant Injuries or ill Health in a Systematic Approach. Including vulnerable groups (Pregnant staff, Trainees) and High-Risk Workers (Welders, Electricians, Spot Cleaners, Chemical Handlers)

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Compliance Requirement for HIRA

a) Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) should be performed for All Activities conducted at the facility, and include off-site activities are related to the Supplier’s business.

b) HIRA should be conducted at least Once per Year, and –

I. Before the implementation/installation of new processes,

II. Following any incident, and

III. Before maintenance, repair, and/or alteration works commence.

c) EHS risk assessment should include –

I. Identification of hazards

II. Evaluation of risks associated with hazards

III. Identification and implementation of control measures to reduce the risks.

d) Should be actively followed up by a team led by the EHS Committee

ISO 18001: 2007 Requirements

Clause 4.3.1: Planning for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control.

The organization shall establish and maintain Procedures for the ongoing identification of hazards, assessment of risks and the implementation of the necessary control measures.

It should cover –

a) Routine and Non-Routine Activities

b) Activities of all persons having access to the workplace (including Sub – Contractors and Visitors)

c) Human behavior, capabilities, and other Human Factors

d) Hazards Originating Outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting the health and safety of persons under the control of the organization within the workplace

e) Hazards created in the Vicinity of the Workplace by work-related activities under the control of the organization

f) Infrastructure, equipment, and materials at the workplace, whether provided by the organization or others (Hired or Sub-contracted Machinery)

g) Changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities, or materials

h) Modifications to the OH&S management system, including Temporary Changes, and their impacts on operations, processes, and activities;

i) Applicable Legal obligations relating to risk assessment and implementation of necessary controls

j) Design of work area processes. Installations, machinery/equipment, operating

procedures, and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities.

Elements of OHS Management

Continual Improvement

Fundamentals of OHS Management

Organizations are responsible for risk that arises out of their own workplaces.

* The Top Management need to be committed to OHS:-

– The old assumption that workers are responsible for causing accidents is not entirely valid.

* Self-Regulated System approach

Risk Management based approach
Identify Regulatory requirements – compliance to Legal laws.
Manage Risks – introduce controls to manage risks to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
Establish a OHS Policy and Procedures – introduce plans to manage the risks that has been identified.
Monitor Performance – obtain feedback and make the necessary changes to the policy or objectives if required through EHS Committee Meetings

What Is a Hazard?

“Source or situation or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a combination of these”

ISO: 18001 – Definition (3.6)

Anything Threatening to Life, Health, Property, or Environment. Anything that may cause Harm

Types of Hazards

What Is a Risk?

Severity Probability of getting Harm or Loss –
Potential of losing something of value

Combination of the Likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the Severity of Injury or ill health that may be caused by the event or exposure. Likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific harm or injury to person or damage property

ISO 18001: Definition (3.21)

Risk Assessment

A careful examination of what in the workplace to identify Significant OHS Issues and Precautions to prevent harm.

The aim is to make sure no one gets hurt or becomes ill.

Risk Assessment is a Systematic Approach to identify Hazards, evaluate Risk considering existing controls and incorporate appropriate Control measures to manage and mitigate risk for any work process or activity. Deciding whether the Risk is Acceptable?

ISO 18001: Definition (3.22)

Risk Matrix-based Quantitative Rating of Hazards

Methods to Identify the Hazards

Tools & Techniques

Health & Safety Audits
Expert Opinion / Experience
Consultation with other co-workers / Discussions
Manufactures Manuals
Brain storming
Industrial Incident Reports
Research papers/Internet
Fault Tree Analysis
Hazard & Operability Study (HAZOP)
Failure Mode Analysis (FMEA)
Consequence Analysis (Explosion)

Search for the availability of Reliable Data

Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Process

Hazard Identification Approaches

Combinational Approach is the Best Normally use Area Based Approach to identify common hazards in the workplace and the Task-Based Approach to identify individual workers & Subcontracted Activity.

How To Conduct a Factory Inspection

Formulate a HIRA Team. One Team for small factory – Headed by Compliance Officer & other Divisional Representative ; Several Sub Teams for large factory – Team for each Section should be headed by Process owner / Functional Head. (Get Area Expertise involved)
Inspect the entire factory premises for all types of hazards. Cover RM & FG Stores, Production Floor, Utility area (Generator, Compressor, Boiler, HVA rooms.), Engineering Work shops, Canteen area, Toilets, Loading & Unloading area, Locker rooms, Treatment Plants, Boundary area (Outside Premises). Comprehensive Coverage
Hazards from near by Factories / Environments too should be considered. (Specially if No Fire Gap, shared facilities & utility)
Review New construction sites, Visitors & Subcontractors moving areas.

Hazard Identification through Area Inspection

How To Prepare A Job Safety Analysis

Set up sub-committees in each individual work section under the Process Owner/ Department Head.
Make a List of all current work activities (Routine and Non-Routine) for each section/function.
Use a Risk Assessment Matrix to conduct an initial assessment to determine activities that constitute highest risk to employees, subcontractors or visitors. Identify Inherent Job Hazards.

4. From the initial assessment, conduct a detailed risk assessment on the highest risk activity by breaking the activity into the basic job sequence.

5. Include all job activities with the Highest Risks.

Hazard Identification through Task Breakdown

The Consequences of Hazards

What is the Impact of the Hazard?
Severity

Hazards: Severity & Probability

Risk Matrix
Risk = Severity X Probability

Significance = Severity X Probability X Frequency X Number of People

Risk Assessment – Action Category

Risk Assessment Template

Activity or Area-Based Risk Assessment Form
Department:	Name of Process / Activity:
Location:	Name of Person in-charge:	Name of PI:
Last Review Date:	Next Review Date:

1. Hazard Identification

2. Risk Evaluation & Control

Task

Hazards

Possible Consequences

Existing Risk Control(if any)

Additional / New Risk Control

Action By

CompleteDate

Conducted by : (Name, designation)		Reviewed by : (Name, designation)
HIRA Team Members :		Approved By :
Inspection Date :		Date :

HIRA – Example 1

HIRA – Example 2

Commonly Found Hazards in Garment Industry

Try to find the Uncommon Hidden Hazards!
Consider Existing Controls when Evaluating Risks

Risk Control & Prevention Process

Prioritize Risk Control

Always use the Source to Barrier Approach. Concept of As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

Examples for Risk Controls

Prevent or Control Hazards

Operational Control Procedures

Written Safe Operating Procedures (SOP) must be available for all High Risk Activities.
Must cover all Routine & Non-Routine Maintenance Activities including External Sub-Contracted Worker activities within the factory premises.
Display all Work Instructions on site. (Ex – Advance Production Machine Operations, Generator/CEB Changeover, HV DDLO Fuse Replacement Procedure, Boiler blow down Procedure….)
HIRA Register should indicate the OCP Reference document ID (Show the relevance between the Hazard & Control Measures taken)
Implement Work Permit Systems

Additional Controls
Responsibility and Timeframe

Implement Additional Controls for risk rated more than 20 (Very High Risk)
- Reduce risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
- Responsible Person to implement the identified control measures
- Timeline for completion 🡪 Prepare Corrective Action Plan
- Update the HIRA Form upon completion of the Additional Control Measures

Monitoring & Review

Recommendations & Suggestions

Do not copy HIRA. Every business is different. Think about the hazards & controls of your factory.

Develop a unique HIRA document.

Even where the Hazards are the same, the Control Measures required may be different to meet the particular conditions in your workplace.

Select the correct Risk Assessment Method/Type depending on the Factory Capacity, Location & Process.
Make the Process Owner (Department Head) Responsible for HIRA in each section. ( Get Supervisors Involved)
Cover all Critical Equipment, People & Processes Comprehensively

Risk Assessment Record has to be kept for at least 3 years as per OHSAS requirement.
Recommended to maintain the Risk Register as long as the process activity is still valid.
Develop a Risk Management Plan (Mitigation/Control Action Plan) prioritizing the risks, considering

Cost & Time Resources
SUSTAINABILITY RESOURCE CENTER

How to Access the SRC?

Customer/Supplier/Factory (Login ID required)

Access via (Vendor Portal)
- for those who already have login name for vendor portal
Access via
- for those who never have login name for vendor portal

For the question related to the SRC please contact :

info@bdmeter.info

Factory Assignment

Discussion